Answer to Question 1
D
A nurse practitioner may prescribe medications, with certain exclusions, and treat health problems within the scope of nursing practice.
A clinical nurse specialist is an advanced practice nurse with preparation in a specialized area of nursing practice. He or she may specialize in a specific disease, such as cancer or AIDS, or in a specific field, such as oncology or gerontology.
Prescribing medications is not within the scope of practice of a registered nurse.
A nurse clinician is a nurse who provides direct client care.
Answer to Question 2
A
Justice refers to fairness and is used frequently in discussion regarding access to health care resources. Here the just distribution of resources, in this case pain management, cannot be justly apportioned. Nonmaleficence means do no harm, beneficence means to do good, and fidelity means to be true to, or honest. Each of these principles is partially expressed in the question; however, justice is most comprised because not all laboring patients have equal access to pain management owing to lack of personnel resources.
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