Answer to Question 1
B
A 4-year-old child would be in the preoperational period. Children at this stage are still egocentric. Play is very important to foster cognitive development. Children should be allowed to play with any equipment that is safe and should be allowed to communicate feelings about their health care. The IV pump is not a safe piece of equipment for a 4-year-old child to play with. A baseball bat typically is not found in a hospital setting and is a potentially dangerous toy to play with in the hospital. The blood pressure cuff is a safer option. A 4-year-old child is of preschool age and more than likely is not able to read yet. Also, the book does not allow for any human interaction and communication if read alone.
Answer to Question 2
A, D
Use of critical thinking attitudes, such as curiosity and humility, is necessary to design a plan of care to meet the patient's hygiene needs. Communication principles and knowledge of cultural variations in hygiene are considered knowledge elements, and prior experience is part of the experience elements of the critical thinking model for hygiene assessment.
The patient and his family meet with the nurse to discuss progress on the patient care plan.
A parish nurse checks the blood pressure of a church member
A nurse communicates with her non–English-speaking patient through an interpreter
Leininger's Culutral Care Theory
Economic and Social Development
A timeline showing the development of genetics from Gregor Mendel’s work