A new graduate is being oriented to work for an intensive care ...

[j.rubin]

A new graduate is being oriented to work for an intensive care unit. The hemodynamic data indicate that the patient has a decreased preload.
 
  The nurse demonstrates that she understands the concept of preload when she states that preload is interpreted as: A. a decreased left ventricular output.
  B. the amount of ventricular filling at rest.
  C. a decrease in the length of time for cardiac conduction.
  D. decreased resistance to the cardiac ejection volume.

Question 2

Kelly is a student nurse who is caring for Mrs. Mermann, a 33-year-old who is in labor with her first child. Mrs. Mermann has complained to Kelly about the hemorrhoids that she has experi-enced during the last month of her pregnancy.
 
  She asks Kelly what she can do to prevent future problems with hemorrhoids. What is Kelly's best response? A. Hemorrhoids are caused by straining.
  B. You need to soften your stools by drinking plenty of fluids.
  C. You should eat less carbohydrates.
  D. There is nothing that you can do to prevent hemorrhoids.

[kjohnson]

Answer to Question 1

B
Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle. Cardiac conduction is the rhythmic relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles dependent on transmission of electrical impulses. Afterload is the resistance of the ejection of blood from the left ventricle.

Answer to Question 2

B
The rectum contains vertical and transverse folds of tissue that help to temporarily hold fecal contents during defecation. Each fold contains an artery and veins that can become distended from pressure during straining. This distention results in hemorrhoid formation.