Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
Hyperosmolar formulas can cause diarrhea or formula intolerance. If that is the case, the solution is to lower the rate, dilute the formula, or change to an isotonic formula. Antibiotics destroy normal intestinal flora and disturb the internal ecology, allowing for Clostridium difficile toxin buildup. However, this takes time (more than 2 hours), and no indication suggests that this patient is on antibiotics. Bacterial contamination of the feeding usually occurs when feedings are left hanging for longer than 8 hours.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Sudden discontinuation of PN can cause hypoglycemia. PN must be tapered off. Usually, 10 dextrose is infused when PN solution is suddenly discontinued. Too rapid administration of hypertonic dextrose (PN) can result in an osmotic diuresis and dehydration. If an infusion falls behind schedule, the nurse should not increase the rate in an attempt to catch up.
Cystostomy. An artificial opening is made through the urinary bladder wall during this procedure. As
Patient Teaching Methods
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An open chamber MRI may be more comfortable for the patient, but images may not be as distinct.
Assisting a falling patient.