Answer to Question 1
B
A propulsive gait is characterized by a stooped, rigid posture with the head and neck bent forward. The patient takes small, shuffling steps in involuntary acceleration, which is typical of a parkinsonian gait. An antalgic gait is a limp to avoid pain when bearing weight on an injured lower extremity. In a scissors gait, the legs flex slightly at the hip and knees; the thighs cross in a scissor-like motion, common with cerebral palsy, stroke, head trauma, or brain tumor. A steppage gait is an exaggerated lifting of the leg that appears as though the foot is floppy and toes point downward. This occurs with Guillain-Barr syndrome.
Answer to Question 2
A
Isokinetic exercise provides variable resistance to controlled movement. Physical therapists often use specialized apparatuses that combine the best features of isometrics and weight training. Isotonic involves movement of the joint during the muscle contraction (e.g., weight lifting). Isometric exercise involves muscle contraction without motion. The patient would apply pressure against an immoveable surface, such as pushing against a wall. Isomorphic is not a type of exercise; it describes a body type.
When using an interpreter, the nurse should pose questions directly to the patient, not the interpre
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