Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: Rogers states that humans are dynamic energy fields. Nurses applying Rogers's theory seek to promote interaction between the two energy fields. The use of noncontact therapeutic touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. Nightingale's theory centered on the client's environment. Henderson conceptualized the nurse's role as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs. Rosemarie Parse's theory revolves around human becoming.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 2,3,4
Rationale: Orem's self-care deficit theory explains not only when nursing is needed, but also how people can be assisted through five methods of helping: acting or doing for, guiding, teaching, supporting, and providing an environment that promotes the individual's abilities to meet current and future demands. Balancing rest and preventing hazards to life are part of the universal requisites of Orem's self-care needs.