An institutional health care provider is preparing to do a ...

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An institutional health care provider is preparing to do a retrospective database analysis to deter-mine the relationships between treatment options, outcomes, and costs of various interventions used to treat arthritis.
 
  Which factor is an advantage of this type of analysis?
  a. Changes in policy, circumstances, or actual treatment methods over time may af-fect results.
  b. It relies on the use of accurate current procedural terminology (CPT).
  c. Data analysis can be technically challenging owing to large unrelated data sets.
  d. Data are readily available, and they reflect the institution's historical experience.

Question 2

Consider the following pharmacoeconomic study designs and choose the one that is applicable to a pharmaceutical analysis that is designed to measure the outcomes of a blood pressure reduction (antihypertensive) drug in terms of natural health units.
 
  The costs of the drug are measured in dollars, and the value is measured by a unit of effective-ness, arbitrarily defined as a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure by 1 mm Hg. This analysis is classified as a:
  a. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
  b. Cost-effective analysis (CEA)
  c. Cost-utility analysis (CUA)
  d. Cost-minimization analysis (CMA)

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Under the retrospective database analysis approach, a database of clinical and economic infor-mation is evaluated using statistical and mathematical methods to determine the relationship be-tween treatment options, outcomes, and costs. The advantage of this approach is that the data are usually readily available and reflect the historical experience of the particular organization.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
A CEA uses an approach similar to the one used by health care providers when making clinical decisions about pharmacotherapeutic options. The value of a CEA is the ratio between a dollar amount and a unit of effectiveness.

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