Answer to Question 1
1
Rationale 1:Norepinephrine (Levophed) activates alpha and beta1 adrenergic receptors causing profound vasoconstriction.
Rationale 2:Norepinephrine (Levophed) activates alpha and beta1 adrenergic receptors causing increased blood pressure, force of contraction, and cardiac output.
Rationale 3:Norepinephrine (Levophed) does not increase urine output.
Rationale 4:Antidysrhythmics are not used to treat shock.
Global Rationale: The body's ability to compensate during shock is limited, so vasoconstrictors are used to maintain blood pressure. Norepinephrine (Levophed) activates alpha and beta1 adrenergic receptors causing an increase of blood pressure, force of contraction, and cardiac output.
Answer to Question 2
4
Rationale 1:Blood products, such as whole blood, are usually given as components, if the client were hemorrhaging.
Rationale 2: Additional crystalloids is incorrect because the client did not respond to IV fluids, and a vasopressor will be given.
Rationale 3: Vasodilators would further lower blood pressure.
Rationale 4:Vasopressors are needed to help stabilize blood pressure.
Global Rationale: The body's ability to compensate is limited, and profound hypotension can develop as shock progresses. In severe cases, vasoconstrictors, also called vasopressors, might be needed to help stabilize blood pressure. Because of the potential for serious adverse effects and potential organ damage due to the rapid and intense vasoconstriction, vasopressors are used only after fluid infusions have failed to raise blood pressure.
Critical thinking involves analysis in which the nurse examines patient data available from a variet
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
Symptoms of a patient in shock.
Nurse opens sterile package
Client’s view with visual field loss