Author Question: A patient has a viral sinus infection, and the provider tells the patient that antibiotics will not ... (Read 57 times)

PhilipSeeMore · **on:** Jul 23, 2018

A patient has a viral sinus infection, and the provider tells the patient that antibiotics will not be prescribed. The patient wants to take an antibiotic and asks the nurse what possible harm could occur by taking an antibiotic.

Which response by the nurse is correct?
a. Antibiotics are mutagenic and can produce changes that cause resistance.
b. Even normal flora can develop resistance and transfer this to pathogens.
c. Host cells become resistant to antibiotics with repeated use.
d. Patients who overuse antibiotics are more likely to have nosocomial infections.

Question 2

A child has received amoxicillin (Amoxil) for three previous ear infections, but a current otitis media episode is not responding to treatment.

The nurse caring for this child suspects that resistance to the bacterial agent has occurred by which microbial mechanism?
a. Alteration of drug target molecules
b. Antagonist production
c. Drug inactivation
d. Reduction of drug concentration at the site of action

underwood14 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 23, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Antibiotics make conditions favorable for the overgrowth of microbes with acquired resistance. Normal flora, present at all times, can develop resistance and can transfer this resistance to pathogens if they occur. Even when pathogens are not present, antibiotic use can promote resistance in the future. Antibiotics are not mutagenic. Host cells are not affected. Antibiotic use does not increase the risk of nosocomial infection in a particular patient but does increase resistance in resident organisms in a particular hospital.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
Drug inactivation can occur when microbes produce drug-metabolizing enzymes. Penicillin-resistant organisms, including many that cause otitis media, produce penicillinase. Alteration of drug target molecules, drug inactivation, and reduction of the drug concentration occur with other antimicrobials.