Author Question: A parent reports being afraid that a child may have schizophrenia because of disorganized speech and ... (Read 31 times)

karen · **on:** Jul 23, 2018

A parent reports being afraid that a child may have schizophrenia because of disorganized speech and asocial behaviors. The nurse will tell this parent that which of the following must also be present to make a diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

a. A decrease in self-care, job, or school function
b. A history of substance abuse
c. A 1-month duration of active phase symptoms
d. Continuous signs of disturbance for longer than 6 months
e. The presence of manic episodes

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a child whose respirations are shallow and marked by a prolonged expiratory phase. The nurse auscultates wheezes and poor air movement bilaterally.

The child's respiratory rate is 26 breaths per minute, and the oxygen saturation is 89. What does the nurse suspect? a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis

tranoy · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 23, 2018

Answer to Question 1

A, C, D
Patients must have at least two symptoms with 1-month duration of active symptoms. One symptom must be delusions, hallucinations, or disordered speech. Patients must have continuous signs of disturbance for longer than 6 months. A history of substance abuse and manic episodes are not associated with schizophrenia.

Answer to Question 2

C
Respiratory acidosis results from retention of CO2 secondary to hypoventilation caused either by depression of the medullary respiratory center in the central nervous system (CNS) or by a pa-thologic lung condition, such as asthma. This child has shallow respirations with evidence of airway obstruction and poor ventilation. Metabolic acidosis occurs in chronic renal failure, loss of bicarbonate with severe diarrhea, metabolic disorders, and ingestion of acids such as salicylates; hyperventilation is a compensatory mechanism. Metabolic alkalosis is usually caused by excessive loss of gastric acid or by ingestion of alkalinizing salts; hypoventilation is a compensatory mechanism. Respiratory alkalosis is produced by hyperventilation and can occur in any condition that increases the respiratory rate and depth.