Answer to Question 1
A, B, D
Respiratory depression, constipation, and urinary retention are common adverse effects of opioid analgesics. It is important to count respirations before giving the drug and periodically thereafter to make sure that respiratory depression has not occurred. Increased physical activity, increased fluid intake, and increased fiber help alleviate constipation. It is important to assess the patient's abdomen and palpate the bladder to make sure that urinary retention has not occurred. Patients taking morphine often experience hypotension, not hypertension. Methylnaltrexone is given as a last resort to treat constipation, because it blocks mu receptors in the intestine.
Answer to Question 2
B
Bethanechol is being investigated for treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) be-cause of its effects on esophageal motility and the lower esophageal sphincter. Bethanechol sti-mulates acid secretion and could intensify ulcer formation. Bethanechol can cause hypotension. Because bethanechol increases the motility and tone of intestinal smooth muscle, the presence of an obstruction could lead to bowel rupture.
Electroencephalography (EEG). To perform the EEG, electrodes attached to the patient’s head pick up
Differences between a Nurse Practitioner
Scheduling patient appointments by telephone.
Positioning the Patient in the Supine Position
Assisting the patient to transfer from the bed or examining table to a wheelchair.