Author Question: What common action do both cardiac glycosides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors have in common ... (Read 64 times)

jon_i · **on:** Jul 23, 2018

What common action do both cardiac glycosides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors have in common related to therapeutic action?

A) Blocking the enzyme phosphodiesterase
B) Increasing cellular calcium
C) Developing ventricular arrhythmias
D) Metabolizing in the liver and excreted in the urine

Question 2

What hormones does the pancreas produce and release that aids in the body's varying blood glucose levels? (Select all that apply.)

A) Insulin
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Glucagon
D) Somatostatin
E) Amylase

Anna · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 23, 2018

Answer to Question 1

B
Feedback:
The phosphodiesterase inhibitors block the enzyme phosphodiesterase. This blocking effect leads to an increase in myocardial cell cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which increases calcium levels in the cell (Figure 44.4). Increased cellular calcium causes a stronger contraction and prolongs the effects of sympathetic stimulation, which can lead to vasodilation, increased oxygen consumption, and arrhythmias. Digoxin also increases intracellular calcium and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cells during depolarization.

Answer to Question 2

A, C, D
Feedback:
Hormones other than stimulating hormones are also released in response to stimuli. For example, the endocrine pancreas produces and releases insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from different cells in response to varying blood glucose levels. ADH does not respond to blood glucose levels but controls sodium and potassium levels. Amylase is an enzyme released by the pancreas.