Answer to Question 1
A
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The onset of IV phenobarbital is 5 minutes; however, it is important not to confuse when the onset of action will occur and when the seizures will stop because additional interventions may be needed to stop the seizure activity in some cases. For intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, the onset should be between 10 and 30 minutes. Onset for an oral dose is between 30 and 60 minutes.
Answer to Question 2
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Phase 0 occurs when the cell reaches a point of stimulation. The sodium gates open along the cell membrane, and sodium rushes into the cell, resulting in a positive flow of electrons into the cellan electrical potential. This is called depolarization. The membrane no longer has a positive side or pole and a negative side; instead it is depolarized, or, in other words, electrically the same on both sides. During depolarization, the cells cannot be forced to contract. Repolarization is when the sodium returns to the outside of the cell and potassium returns to the inside of the cell and the muscle is ready to contract again. Action potential is the ability of the heart to respond to an electrical stimulus. Polarity is the electrical charge.
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