What is the difference between a subject and a topic? Give an ...

[OSWALD]

What is the difference between a subject and a topic? Give an example of a
  related subject and topic. (Examples may vary.)
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Explain what the difference is between being a participant and being an observer as
  you do field research. What are some of the benefits and disadvantages to being
  a participant in, or an observer of, a particular musical situation in the field? (Answers
  may vary.)
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[ttt030911]

Answer to Question 1

musical ethnography.
 A topic is a subject viewed from a particular angle, from a certain perspective, and with a limited goal in mind. It enables your analysis and interpretation of the subject.
 The Jewish Cantor is a subject; Musical training of Jewish cantors in New York City is a topic (The cantor is viewed from a special perspective: education.).

Answer to Question 2

 As a participant you actually perform in the musical situation you are studying; you will have the benefit of learning about the music you are studying from the inside, but as a participant you can lose your ability to have an objective overview.
 As an observer you forgo any participation and simply observe (and perhaps record) the music you are studying. This can save time, but your presence as an observer can be distracting and alter the musical situation you are trying to understand.

[OSWALD]

TYSM

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Excellent