You are running a simple study to determine if time of day affects student test performance. One
group takes a test at 9 AM, the other group takes the same test at 6 PM.
During the afternoon
session, the group seems distracted by the school band, which is practicing nearby, but the
students finish the test on-time with no apparent problems. When you analyze the results, you
find the morning group performed significantly better than the evening group. What should you
conclude?
A) The results are valid because researchers cannot always control factors like noise.
B) The results are valid because the difference was significant.
C) The results may be invalid because time of day affects mental performance.
D) The results may be invalid because the band's noise was an extraneous variable.
Question 2
Ashley is evaluating the influence of different personality traits on helping behavior.
She forms
two experimental groups, one of extroverted persons and one of introverted persons, and then
records how people from each group react when an older gentleman (actually Ashley's assistant)
enters the lab and appears to fall accidentally. What type of IV is Ashley using in the study?
A) physiological B) experience C) participant D) stimulus
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