Answer to Question 1
A company's role in ethics can be summarized as 1) creating an internal environment that promotes, expects, and rewards ethical behavior; and 2) setting an example of ethical behavior in all external dealings.
Answer to Question 2
The following five factors should be considered before beginning the process of collecting information, weighing risks, and making a decision:
Job requirements
The workers' abilities and limitations
The gain if the task is successfully accomplished
The loss if the task is attempted but fails
The loss if the task is not attempted
These factors can help a person achieve the proper perspective before collecting information, weighing risks, and making a decision. It is particularly important to consider these factors when stressors such as noise, time constraints, or pressure from a supervisor may tend to cloud one's judgment.