Answer to Question 1
C
Answer to Question 2
The density of matter can be approximately determined through observation; it's about 10-27 kg/m3. The microwave background (which is more abundant than starlight) can be converted into an equivalent amount of matter using E = mc2. The result is a density of 10-31 kg/m3. Since this is much lower than the matter density, we conclude we live in a matter dominated universe.