Answer to Question 1
Active galaxies sometimes eject jets of charged elementary particles deep into space at nearly the speed of light. The jets are so energetic that they punch through any intervening matter. The jets also contain intense magnetic fields, and as the charged particles interact with the magnetic fields they emit synchrotron radiation, which is at radio wavelengths. Jets travel at nearly light speed, so if a lobe is 300,000 light years (about 100 kpc) from the galactic core, it took 300,000 years to get there.
Answer to Question 2
C