Answer to Question 1
Answer: Retrieval is holding a target in working memory while accessing a similar, more familiar, example from long-term memory. Mapping requires holding both the source and the target in working memory, aligning the source and the target and mapping the features of the source onto the target. Evaluation is deciding whether or not the analogy is likely to be useful. Abstraction is isolating the structure shared by the source and the target. Finally, predictions is a subprocess in which hypotheses are developed about the behavior.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The water jug problem has three jugs of differing sizes (8, 5, and 3 ounces). The large jug is full. You need to transfer water between the jugs to reach a goal state of 4 ounces of water in the large and medium jugs. When you pour water into a jug you must fill the jug. With the hill climbing heuristic, each move most closely resembles the goal state. In the water jug problem, this would mean filling the medium jug, giving you 3 ounces in the large jug and 5 ounces in the medium jug. If you make this move, however, your next move cannot get you closer to the goal state.
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