Answer to Question 1
The amount of energy transferred to the water is, by definition of specific heat
(Ch. 7), (water mass) x (specific heat) x (temperature change). Now, a certain amount of
energy is transferred to the water per unit of time. This is the power involved. A pump can
move so much water in a given amount of time (the pump's water transfer rate is measured
in cubic meters per second). The water mass per unit time is the density times the water
transfer rate. Thus, for a fixed power output to the environment, we have
power = (water mass per unit time) x (specific heat) x (temperature change).
The specific heat is fixed. The greater the water transfer rate, the smaller the temperature
change and vice versa.
Answer to Question 2
Some alien species are aggressive, others aren't. It is not possible to know ahead
of time which invaders will exploit their new homes and become nuisances.
Types of obligatory salt and water exchanges in a terrestrial animal.
Mixting Hot Cold water
Use dye specifically made for coolant when checking for leaks using a black light.
Cycles of Air Temperature
Stable oxygen isotopes in water
A Well of Sources for Bottled Water