A.
While John indeed measures Jack's stick as shorter than his own, this is not the statement that best describes the situation. John sees Jack's frame of reference as moving with respect to his own, and by the special theory of relativity, moving objects appear shorter to non-moving observers
Answer to Question 2
D. They thought that movement through the ether, which supposedly had some inherent motion itself, would create interference effects in their interferometer. Instead, they saw no effects whatsoever on the direction of the motion of the interferometer through space and the interference patterns on the interferometer.