The figure shows a snapshot of four different waves in identical ropes stretched with the same force.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The waves with the largest amplitude are _________ and _________.
Question 2A juggler throws two balls up to the same height so that they pass each other halfway up when A is rising and B is descending. Ignore air resistance and buoyant forces. Which statement is true of the two balls at that point?
a. There is an residual upward force from the hand on each ball.
b. There is a greater residual force from the hand on A than there is on B.
c. Only gravity acts on B but there is an additional residual force from the hand on A.
d. There is an additional downwards force besides gravity on each ball.
e. The only force acting on each ball is the gravitational force.