According to Levis (1989), seemingly nonchalant animals who continue to avoid the aversive stimulus are:
A) truly relaxed.
B) merely suppressing their fear.
C) still experiencing a residual amount of fear.
D) exhibiting an avoidance response that has now become a conditioned reflex.
Question 2
Arthur owns a restaurant in a neighborhood controlled by organized crime. Local merchants often pay protection money to gang members in order to avoid risking their businesses. When a gang representative comes to Arthur's restaurant at the beginning of every month, Arthur hands over an envelope full of cash and has a pleasant conversation with the gang member. By Arthur's actions, it would appear as if he has no fear and yet continues to pay money to the gang. What would Levis (1989 ) suggest about Arthur's apparent nonchalance?
A) If Arthur truly had no fear, he would not continue to pay money to the gang members.
B) Arthur is less fearful as a result of experience.
C) Arthur truly has no fear of the actions of the gang.
D) Both a and b are correct.
Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination
A seemingly anonymous well-wisher from the crowd greets President Bill Clinton. When Clinton was ...
Four Possibilities in Judging the Presence or Absence of a Stimulus
Knead accessible leg and hip muscles; alternate with effleurage. Avoid massage of the medial side of ...
Animals and Language (1 of 2)
In order to encourage Canadians to avoid cross border shopping, Walmart Canada is striving to ...