A counselor is running a parents' group when the topic of spanking as a disciplinary technique is raised. What is the most accurate statement based on research that the counselor can offer?
a. Spanking is one of a variety of techniques that are effective in teaching prosocial skills to children.
b. Spanking should be used with young children for potentially dangerous kinds of misbehavior like running across a street because it is the only thing they understand under the circumstances.
c. Spanking is the best way to discipline young children but only when it is accompanied by a hug or some show of affection afterward.
d. Spanking may gain immediate compliance, but it does not aid development of self-regulation and it may increases a child's aggressiveness.
Question 2
Negative reinforcement is best described as
a. a punishment that serves to reduce a problematic behavior.
b. when some unpleasant stimulus is avoided or removed, strengthening the behavior that allows escape from the unpleasantness.
c. a negative consequence that follows a behavior.
d. a consequence that reinforces negative behavior.
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