A researcher wants to look at the effects of stress endurance treatment on self-esteem in cancer patients. The researcher measures 50 cancer patients on self-esteem.
The researcher then has all the participants attend stress endurance treatment sessions once a week. At the end of the 8-week treatment, participants are again measured on self-esteem. This is an example of a(n)
A) ex post facto design.
B) ad hoc design.
C) single-group, posttest-only design.
D) single-group, pretest-posttest design.
Question 2
When one group of participants is measured before and after the manipulation of the independent variable, we have a(n)
A) ex post facto design.
B) ad hoc design.
C) single-group, pretest-posttest design.
D) pretest-posttest, control-group design.