Answer to Question 1
In negative punishment, the occurrence of a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus, and as a result, the behavior is less likely to occur in the future. Negative punishment involves removal of a reinforcer that was not maintaining the behavior. Extinction occurs when a behavior which has been previously reinforced no longer results in reinforcing consequences and, therefore, the behavior stops occurring in the future. Extinction involves withholding a reinforcer that was maintaining the behavior.
Answer to Question 2
d