Answer to Question 1
The Crees and the Ojibways are wooded taigaoriented groups that inhabited northern Quebec and Ontario, the Athabascan are oriented to the wooded taiga environments of northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Alberta, and the far Northwest territories. And the Inuit groups, oriented to the sea, are on the Arctic shores of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
Answer to Question 2
Deeper soil layers below the surface do not warm up sufficiently to unfreeze in the summer, and so they are frozen year round. The frozen soil layer extends as far down as 1500 feet below the surface in some layers.