Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
The structures of the digestive system include the oral cavity, the pharynx, the
esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, the
anus, the liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas.
The digestive process includes both the physical movement of food down the
digestive tract and the secretion of enzymes and fluids. The teeth chew the
food, the salivary glands secrete saliva, and the stomach holds and mixes the
food. The small intestine is responsible for most digestive and absorptive roles.
The major role of the large intestine is to reabsorb water, minerals, and bile
salts. The rectum stores the waste, and the anus allows for elimination. The liver
produces bile, the gallbladder stores it, and the pancreas adds bicarbonate and
enzymes to the chyme in the small intestine for the final phase of digestion.
When digestion is completed, starches and sugars have been broken down into
monosaccharides, and lipids have been disassembled into glycerol, fatty acids,
and monoglycerides. The long-chain fats enter the lymphatic system. The
monosaccharide and short-chain fatty acids are sent to the liver for use in metabolism.
Proteins are broken down into amino acids and then absorbed, and
the amino acids travel through the blood to the liver to be used by the body.
