Suppose that researchers have tested a group of high school students on a cognitive task, using well-controlled conditions. Then they created graphs for the scores of the males and females, and they found that the two graphs had only a small overlap. Which of the following conclusions would be most likely?
a. One of the two groups must have greater variability.
b. The researchers probably selected biased samples.
c. The two genders probably differ in their skill on this task.
d. The researchers' findings are consistent with the results of other studies, where there are substantial gender differences on cognitive tasks.
Question 2
According to the discussion at the beginning of the section on gender comparisons in cognitive abilities, there is usually a large overlap in the distribution of females' and males' scores. An important implication of this finding is that
a. on most tests, most men score higher than most women.
b. researchers' expectations probably caused the overlap.
c. men's scores are more variable than women's scores.
d. many men and women will receive similar scores.
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