In ________________________ (1988), the Supreme Court placed ...

[RRMR]

In ___________________ _____ (1988), the Supreme Court placed limitations on efforts to protect child witnesses in court, ruling that unless there is a finding that the child witness needs special protections, the Constitution grants defendants face-to-face confrontation with their accusers.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Question 2

Describe the four most common ways that defendants can secure pretrial release? Which is the most common? Why?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 3

In the 1990 case ___________________ ___, the court ruled that the states attorney is required neither to produce young victims at trial nor to demonstrate the reasons they were unavailable to serve as witnesses.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

[manuelcastillo]

Answer to Question 1

Coy v. Iowa

Answer to Question 2

The four most common ways defendants secure pretrial release are: (1) release on recognizance (ROR), (2) cash bond, (3) property bond, (4) bail bond through the services of a commercial bail agent. Release on recognizance occurs when judges release a defendant from jail without monetary bail if they believe the person is not likely to flee. Such personal bonds are used most often for defendants accused of minor crimes and for those with substantial ties to the community. In cash bail the accused must post either the full amount of cash bail with the court or a percentage of it in the form of a cash bond. All of this money will be returned when all court appearances are satisfied. Because it requires a large amount of cash, this form of bail is seldom used. If, for example, bail is set in the amount of 10,000, most persons cannot raise that much money easily and quickly. A property bond allows a defendant to use a piece of property as collateral. If the defendant fails to appear in court, the property is forfeited. Property bonds are also rare, because courts generally require that the equity in the property must be double the amount of the bond. A bail bond occurs when the arrestee hires a bail agent who posts the amount required and charges a fee for services rendered, usually 10 percent of the amount of the bond. Thus, a bail agent would normally collect 1,000 for writing a 10,000 bond; none of that money is refundable. The most common form of pretrial release is a bail bond.

Answer to Question 3

White v. Illinois