Answer to Question 1
True
Answer to Question 2
The colonies were a haven for people looking for opportunities denied them in England and Europe. Along with the adult early settlers, many children came not as citizens, but as indentured servants, apprentices, or agricultural workers. They were recruited from workhouses, orphanages, prisons, and asylums that housed vagrant and delinquent youths.
At the same time, the colonists themselves produced illegitimate, neglected, and delinquent children. The initial response to caring for such children was to adopt court and Poor Law systems similar to those in England. It was also possible, as in England, for parents to voluntarily apprentice their children to a master for care and training. The master in colonial America acted as a surrogate parent, and in certain instances apprentices would actually become part of the family.
In the United States, as in England, moral discipline was rigidly enforced. Stubborn child laws were passed that required children to obey their parents. It was not uncommon for children to be whipped if they were disobedient or disrespectful to their families.
Children were often required to attend public whippings and executions, because these events were thought to be important forms of moral instruction. Parents referred their children to published writings on behavior and expected them to follow their precepts carefully. The early colonists, however, viewed family violence as a sin, and child protection laws were passed as early as 1639.
Feedforward control of breathing rate in an animal trained for athletic exercise.
Social grooming in a pair
Hand Washing Using an Alcohol-Based Rub
Social class and social status
Economic and Social Development
Antisense RNA control of the expression of IS10 transposase