Answer to Question 1
Answer: A number of conceptual problems have been identified with the concept of hardiness based on more recent research. First, the idea that hardiness consists of three components had been challenged by the suggestion that the three are in fact separate personality characteristics. It has been suggested that any one of these could provide an individual with the ability to cope with stress. Second, it could be that hardiness is not a unique concept, but overlaps with other concepts such as dispositional optimism, locus of control, and low Neuroticism. Third, there is the overall methodological problem of self-report research. If you are using a self-report scale to measure hardiness, and another self-scale to measure adjustment then you would expect considerable correlation because the same person is taking both scales.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: flexibility (creativity)
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