Answer to Question 1
Answer: passive
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Epigenetics is a relatively new field of study. It is the study of the ways in which the environment can influence the expression of genes, or the genetic component of development, in a way that does not alter heritability. A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein, or trait. A given gene has coding regions called exons and noncoding regions called introns. Of all the DNA in a cell, only 3 or so is composed of functioning genes. The rest (97) used to be called junk DNA, but at least some of this junk performs a very important function regulating the expression of genes; some of this function is influenced by the environment. This means that the environment can have influence over which genes in a cell or set of cells are expressed, or used. An example of some research into this process is the Cole study that demonstrated that different genes were expressed in individuals who were lonely compared to another group that was not lonely. Genes that had the effect of preventing disease were less expressed in individuals who were also deemed lonely.
How the study of genomes and proteomes can provide us with connections to different biological level
Adults in late adulthood may need to adapt to a new environment as they age and their health status
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Some obesity genes in the human genome. The green triangles represent single genes in which obesity