Answer to Question 1
Biometricsthe use of physiological or behavioral characteristics such as iris, retinal, and facial recognition; hand and finger geometry; fingerprint and voice identification; and dynamic signatureis now being used to keep track of jail inmates. Biometrics systems are usually deployed using a three-step process. First, a camera, scanner, or other sensor takes an image or picture. Second, that image is made into a pattern called a biometric signature. For example, with fingerprints, the signature comprises minute points along a finger's ridges, splits, and end lines. Voice recognition involves patterns of cadence, pitch, and tone. Hand and finger geometry measures physical characteristics such as length and thickness. Third, the biometric signature is converted into a template using a mathematical algorithm.
Answer to Question 2
Among the most serious issues are jail crowding, mental health services, health issues, contraband, and the possibility of violence. Jail populations have nearly tripled since 1985 . One of the problems with jail overcrowding is inmate idleness. When inmates are idle, they grow restless, which can cause physical and sexual assaults among inmates. The increase of mentally ill inmates is one of the most serious issues facing jail administration. Research shows that more than half of all inmates report mental health problems. Violence consists of physical assaults between inmates or between inmates and staff. Inmate/inmate physical assaults, including rapes, are the most frequent types of violence. The problem of jail suicide also continues to plague jail administrators.
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