Answer to Question 1
Answer: While examples will vary, all answers should accurately define theory according to the textbook as a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events. All answers should explain a bit of the theory developing process, including observations, theory/hypothesis development, evidence-based testing, and the results leading up to social policy development.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Answers should explain the two types of confounding effects, which may invalidate the results of research internal validity (limits to the certainty that the research interventions caused observed changes in research findings) and external validity (factors limiting the ability of researchers to generalize research findings to other settings). Responses should also list some of the specific threats to internal and external validity listed in Figures 2-2 and 2-3. Strategies to address these threats, such as control and randomization, should also be discussed.
The proboscis monkey demonstrates that large gut size contributes to a lower EQ.
Damage to Field CA1 Caused by Anoxia
Anna Freud’s Instinctual Theory
Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision
Dropping a Sterile Item onto a Sterile Field
Anti-GM protesters attacking a field of genetically-modified maize in southwestern France