Answer to Question 1
Answer: Classical School theorists believed that all humans were rational beings who were able to make choices about their behavior. In addition, they weighed the pros and cons of behaviors before making that choice. Positive School theorists believed that criminal behavior was beyond the control of an individual and a result of defective genes and atavistic characteristics.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Answer (should include points such as):
Pennsylvania System involved 24-hour-a-day solitary confinement, where the inmate never saw or interacted with another human being. The Auburn System, or congregate system, allowed inmates to work together (but without speaking).
The Pennsylvania System was expensive to operate and construct, and inmates suffered from severe mental illness based on the isolation. The Auburn System was more efficient and inexpensive, and became the popular method of prison construction.
Mason Williams - Classical Gas
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Positive and Negative Punishment