Answer to Question 1
Answer: Many states have adopted legislation whereby an officer may issue a citation for a misdemeanor or an
infraction violation instead of taking the person into custody. A citation (sometimes referred to as a
summons) is a written notice issued to a violator to appear in court. If the arrested person signs the
citation agreeing to appear in court as directed, he or she is entitled to be released without further action
being taken at that time. In most instances, a citation will be issued for an infraction and for a traffic
violation.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: This right has been incorporated into the laws to prohibit individuals from being held indefinitely
without anyone knowing that they have been arrested. In those states in which the arrested person is
permitted to make telephone calls, there are considerable differences in the rights afforded the arrested
person. These rights differ as to the number of calls that may be made; to whom, how soon after the
arrest, and at whose expense they may be made; whether the calls can be monitored; and whether the
arrested person must be advised of the right to make the calls. It is generally held that the arrested
person is entitled to make the calls immediately after being booked or, except where physically
impossible, within a prescribed time, such as three hours, after the arrest.
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