The halo effect is _______________. a. statements that go far ...

[wenmo]

The halo effect is _______________.
 
  a. statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has
  b. making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner
  c. making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards
  d. allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner

Question 2

Discuss the Irish system established by Walter Crofton and what impact it had in the United States.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[durant1234]

Answer to Question 1

D

Answer to Question 2

 The first stage involved solitary confinement for nine months; during the first three months, the inmate was on reduced rations and was allowed no labor whatsoever. It was reasoned that after three months of forced idleness, even the laziest prisoner would long for something to do. He would then be given full rations, instructed in useful skills, and exposed to religious influences.
 The convict was placed in a special prison to work with other inmates in the second stage, during which time he could earn marks to qualify for a transfer to the third stage.
 This third stage involved transportation to an open institution where the convict, by evidencing signs of reformation, could earn release on a ticket of leave.
 In the fourth stage, ticket-of-leave men were conditionally released and, in rural districts, supervised by the police; a civilian employee who had the title of inspector of released prisoners, however, supervised those residing in Dublin. He worked cooperatively with the police, but his responsibility was to secure employment for ticket-of-leave men. He required them to report at stated intervals, visited their homes every two weeks, and verified their employmenthe was the forerunner of a modern parole officer.
 The Irish system influenced the establishment of parole in the United States.