With the exception of substance abuse, studies of self-reported ...

[newyorker26]

With the exception of substance abuse, studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are ________.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Question 2

What U.S. Supreme Court decisions have been especially influential in the area of juvenile courts? What impact have they had?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[shewald78]

Answer to Question 1

incarcerated

Answer to Question 2

Kent v. United States: The court held that juveniles are entitled to a hearing, assistance of counsel, access to the records, and statement of the reasons why the juvenile would be treated as an adult.
In re Gault: The court ruled that juveniles are entitled to certain due process protections, have the right to be notified of charges, have access to counsel, to confront adverse witnesses, and to be free from compelled self-incrimination.
In re Winship: The court ruled that the reasonable doubt standard is necessary in juvenile proceedings.
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania:The court held that a jury is not essential in juvenile adjudicatory hearings.
Breed v. Jones: The court ruled that juvenile adjudications are the same as a criminal conviction.
Schall v. Martin: The court held that juveniles could be held prior to adjudication if the juvenile poses a serious risk.
Roper v. Simmons: The court ruled that the minimum age for the death penalty is 18.