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Ether was used widely for surgeries but became less popular because of its flammability and its tendency to cause vomiting. In England, it was quickly replaced by chloroform, but this agent caused many deaths and lost popularity.
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Tobacco depletes the body of vitamins A, C, and E, which can result in any of the following: dry hair, dry skin, dry eyes, poor growth, night blindness, abscesses, insomnia, fatigue, reproductive system problems, sinusitis, pneumonia, frequent respiratory problems, skin disorders, weight loss, rickets, osteomalacia, nervousness, muscle spasms, leg cramps, extremity numbness, bone malformations, decayed teeth, difficulty in walking, irritability, restlessness, profuse sweating, increased uric acid (gout), joint damage, damaged red blood cells, destruction of nerves, infertility, miscarriage, and many types of cancer.
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In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.
A marine food web in action: feeding baleen whales and birds.
Potency and efficacy: (a) Drug A has a higher potency than drug B. (b) Drug A has a higher efficacy ...
Metabolic reactions: Dehydration synthesis builds new compounds while hydrolysis breaks down ...
Competitive enzyme immunoassay. (a) Shows the uninhibited reaction and (b) shows the inhibited ...
This headache remedy was “guaranteed” by the drug company; 1906.
Enthalpic stabilization of the transition state in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction