|
|
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
When intravenous medications are involved in adverse drug events, their harmful effects may occur more rapidly, and be more severe than errors with oral medications. This is due to the direct administration into the bloodstream.
Women are 50% to 75% more likely than men to experience an adverse drug reaction.
The heart is located in the center of the chest, with part of it tipped slightly so that it taps against the left side of the chest.
When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.