According to Howard and Donnelly, how does the 1503 procedure of the UN Commission on Human Rights compare to the other discussed enforcement mechanisms?
a. It is freer to help individuals in states with human rights abuses than other mechanisms.
b. Its use of broad language, such as situations, means it is at least as thoroughly hemmed in by constraints as the others are.
c. Because it cannot result in any binding action on members, it is likelier to receive support from the international community.
d. It is by far the most effective and least restricted human rights enforcement measure, although this does not mean it is particularly effective.
e. It enables the United Nations to violate sovereignty with greater ease because it provides for direct intervention on behalf of individuals suffering human rights abuses.
Question 2
Why might the rights detailed in the Declaration be considered legally binding on states, according to Howard and Donnelly?
a. The human rights contained in the Declaration are universal.
b. The Declaration is a treaty and, therefore, part of international treaty law.
c. The Declaration was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly, which gives it the force of law.
d. By signing the Declaration, all states have assumed a legal obligation to abide by its provisions.
e. The Declaration is considered by many lawyers to have attained the status of customary international law.
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