Answer to Question 1
Pinch the child's nostrils together between your thumb and forefinger, pressing firmly toward his face and compressing the pinched parts against the bones of his face, while wearing gloves. Do this for about 10 minutes. Repeat as necessary for 5 minutes at a time until the nose has stopped bleeding. Do not release your fingers too soon or the clot may break away and bleeding will start again. Do not tilt the child's head back. Have the child sit quietly and tilt the head slightly forward, but keeping the head well above the level of the heart. Do not allow the child to lay flat or put his head between his legs. This will help keep the blood out of the child's stomach and prevent him from getting nauseated or vomiting. Apply ice to the nose and cheeks. Talk quietly and explain the procedure to the child while this is being done.
Answer to Question 2
Both children and parents have been prepared in advance for the possibility of this problem in your early childhood education environment. Parents know that you will contact them by cell phone if possible, and you will have a cell phone they can contact, also. Children will have emergency kits in their cubbies that will have pictures of their families and notes that families have written that tell children how much they care for them. Your center is prepared with emergency rations, extra blankets, and other supplies. You personally will remain calm and collected because you have prepared in advance.