Johnny is a second grader who continues to sound out many words ...

[luvbio]

Johnny is a second grader who continues to sound out many words when he reads and who reads very slowly. He uses so much effort in identifying the words that he frequently misses the main points of the story. He concentrates his effort on unlocking the word rather than on reading the word automatically. Johnny's main barrier to comprehension is his:

◦ background knowledge.
◦ fluency.
◦ self-monitoring skills.
◦ vocabulary knowledge.

[Sophiapenny]

fluency.