Question 1
The father of positivism, Auguste Comte, believed in all the following EXCEPT
a. contemporary society was in a state of intellectual anarchy.
b. the laws of human behavior can be discovered just as the law of gravity has been; one such law is the law of three stages to describe the development of human knowledge.
c. in the most primitive stage of human knowledge, natural phenomena was explained by the supernatural.
d. the metaphysical stage was a transitional stage in which phenomena were explained through abstractions.
e. in the final stage, which included the Enlightenment and Comte's own time, all illusions are dispelled and the mind is convinced only by observation and verifiable information.
Question 2
Which statement is correct regarding European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century?
a. They were more concerned with displaying the work ethic than in displaying wealth and following proper decorum.
b. They stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles.
c. They prided themselves on doing the housework and cooking for their families.
d. They increasingly became less cohesive as togetherness was no longer an important value.
e. They increased in numbers but were weakened structurally as men abandoned their family focus in order to advance their lives professionally.
A reindeer sled, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Late nineteenth-century photochrom.
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