Answer to Question 1
c
Answer to Question 2
Often, biological treatments are more successful when combined with psychotherapy. For example, when using aversion therapy, the subject may utilize covert sensitization. The subject associates substance use with something very unpleasant. The goal would be to counteract the positive associations with the substance.
A component that seems a valuable part of therapy is contingency management, where the clinician and client decide on the reinforcers that will reward reaching certain goals.
Another approach is the community reinforcement approach, in which several facets of the drug problem are addressed to help identify and correct a person's behavior that might contribute to abuse. For example, certain relationships are recognized as influencing drug use, so they are to be avoided, etc.
Motivational interviewing suggests that reminding a client about what he or she cherishes most in order to improve the client's belief that any changes made will have positive outcomes.
Cognitive-behavior therapy addresses multiple aspects of the disorder and the problem of relapse. Relapse prevention treatment models help clients remove ambivalent feelings toward stopping their drug use and confronting the negative consequences of its use.
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