What is the second step of the citric acid cycle?
◦ Citrate is converted to isocitrate.
◦ The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD+ and the ketone loses CO2.
◦ FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate.
◦ Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
◦ Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate to form (S)-malate.