Author Question: Ever since Steve was a toddler he has beenirritable and difficult to please. He often threw long ... (Read 14 times)

JGIBBSON · **on:** Jun 22, 2018

Ever since Steve was a toddler he has beenirritable and difficult to please. He often threw long temper tantrums in front of his parents and other children. As a child, Steve continues to have angry episodes and outbursts, which are not premeditated and involve physical injury. Steve most likely will be diagnosed with ____.

a. intermittent explosive disorder
b. oppositional defiant disorder
c. conduct disorder
d. pediatric bipolar disorder

Question 2

Describe progression from initial substance use to substance abuse.

What will be an ideal response?

nekcihc358 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

A

Answer to Question 2

The progression from initial substance use to substance abuse follows a typical sequence. First, an individual decides to experiment with alcohol or drugs perhaps to experience the effects, enhance self-confidence, rebel against authorities, imitate others or conform to social pressure. Second, the substance begins to serve an important purpose (such as reducing anxiety, producing feelings of pleasure or enhancing social relationships) and so consumption continues. Third, brain chemistry becomes altered from chronic use. In many cases, physiological dependency develops resulting in withdrawal symptoms and craving for the substance; it also become difficult to experience pleasure without the substance.Fourth, lifestyle changes occur due to chronic substance use. These changes may include loss of interest in previous activities and social relationships and preoccupation with opportunities to use the substance Consistent with the multipath model, in all four phases, biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural influences are involved.