Even though the economic order quantity (EOQ) is optimal only when five assumptions are satisfied, it serves as a reasonable first approximation even when these assumptions do not quite apply. Which one of the following is not an assumption of the EOQ?
◦ The amount of an order received is exactly equal to what was ordered, without any "short shipments" from a supplier or scrap losses in the shop.
◦ There is no uncertainty in lead-time.
◦ Decisions for one item can be made independently of decisions made for other items.
◦ Quantity discounts can be taken advantage of for large lot sizes.