Hubbard et al. (2009 ) studied frailty in the elderly and found that:
a) A history of smoking is one of the most reliable predictors of physical frailty
b) Moderate smoking during one's youth is associated with physical frailty
c) Physical frailty is only mildly associated with a history of smoking
d) There is no association between smoking and frailty
Question 2
In studying Alzheimer and dementia in the elderly, Oveisgharan and Hachinski (2010 ) established that:
a) Among the elderly people with cognitive impairment but not dementia, hypertension is associated with increased likelihood of progressing to dementia.
b) Among the elderly people with cognitive impairment but not dementia, head trauma is associated with increased likelihood of progressing to dementia.
c) Among the elderly people with head trauma but not dementia, hypertension is associated with increased likelihood of progressing to dementia.
d) None of the above.
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An example of a medical history sheet to list patient problems.
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